In what ways have feminists challenged some of our basic assumptions Essay

In what ways have women's activists tested a portion of our fundamental presumptions about the family - Essay Example Ladies, from days of yore, endured political and social mistreatment as sexism. Ladies being accommodating to the conventional family jobs suffered torment and inconveniences in all social orders. The consciousness of their situation, through the women's activist arousing, made ladies change their mentality towards various family jobs. Through the enlivening stimulated through the women's activist developments ladies of current days feel that both a couple have equivalent jobs in a family. Both a couple ought to go for work, do family errands and deal with kids. This is against the conventional suspicions about a family. Conventional family jobs left no rights for ladies to work and acquire. Ladies were kept to houses where they do all family unit works and deal with kids. The conventional job of ladies is socially built. In the conventional structure of family ladies appreciated barely any rights. As per the customary family structure ladies needed to stay as a sad remnant of men. L adies had no voice in the family. The conventional job of ladies and the sufferings they experienced is shrouded in women's activist writing works. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman clarifies the conventional job of ladies in the family. The hero in the novel is the case of the sufferings of ladies. The tale is the account of restraint of ladies. In the story the husband’s oppressive nature has detained the spouse into a residential jail. In this tragic story, the storyteller the young lady is headed to craziness by her commanding spouse. The oppression that won in the general public made ladies rewarded as subhuman. They were simply considered as vessels of fruitfulness and had the minor benefit of a lot of ovaries and a belly. The focal character of the novel, the storyteller battled for a similar reason. The storyteller endeavors to turn into a tough individual despite the fact that she was being secured a male overwhelmed world. Her significant other Johnâ €™s ruling nature was the one that was keeping her from become self propelled. Despite the fact that the storyteller is developed as juvenile, we can see that this nature is authorized by the general public around her. The storyteller is seen as a free lady who was confined inside the house by her significant other. Her life resembled that of a butterfly that is attempting to escape the cover to show its genuine nature. We can see the storyteller endeavoring, all through the play, lastly loosing command over her self. She falls into melancholy and in the end gets distraught. She was accommodating to her significant other and was eager and keen. We can say that the storyteller was in every case directly in her mentality as this was as well as can be expected be towards her overwhelming spouse. Towards the finish of the play anyway she can't control any more and lose all sense of direction in the weight. This was the situation of ladies in the conventional families. The hero speak s to the adversely advantaged ladies of that period. She was discovered subordinate to her significant other John who accepted that ladies are slight and can never settle on choice of their own. Her home showed up as a jail for her everything as the days progressed. She needed to compose; might be she needed to empty out her downturn into words. She was of the conviction that increasingly mental and physical movement would tackle her issues. She, nonetheless, didn't get an opportunity to overflow her sentiments. The period in the novel speaks to the period when ladies are mediocre compared to men genuinely, intellectually and mentally. The social, racial, strict and different weights stifled ladies to a

Introduction to People, Organisation and Management Assignment

Prologue to People, Organization and Management - Assignment Example In this manner, it won 50 PC Game of Year grants. IN 1998, the game was distributed initially on Windows in 1998; at that point at Playstation 2 during 2001 and finally at Linux and Mac OS X during the center of 2013. Steam, the online appropriation administration of Valve, helped the games to be discharged in these specific stages. Steam has empowered the gaming stage to interface with a large number of individuals all inclusive. As per the records, the organization utilized around 300 representatives in 2012. In spite of the achievement of the computer games, the organization has experienced issues relating to its hierarchical structure and decentralization (Belbin, 2010). The fundamental point of the report is to expound how Valve Corporation made due without initiative of administrators. Valve Corporation embraces level structure so as to keep away from or diminish deterrent between its workers and clients. It is seen that level hierarchical structure is valuable for organizations to give opportunity of rehearsing new innovations without pondering mechanical disappointment. The legitimization for picking these issues for the report is that level hierarchical structure is compromised by elevated level of hazard. It is seen that the organization has submitted endless confuses by receiving the level structure with its association. Furthermore, it has been seen that the organization has no pioneers who will impart the data to its workers and direct them to do a specific undertaking (Dawson and Andriopoulos, 2014). Hence, the organization has neglected to create coaches or aides for its workers and subsequently it has offered ascend to casual tutoring which is another huge issue for Valve. Casual tutoring prompts feeble dynamic which may hurt the notoriety of the organization. An association is characterized as a social game plan of human and capital asset which is controlled for accomplishing a lot of aggregate objective. The human asset here alludes to

On MIT and Humanities

On MIT and Humanities Over this past weekend, many prefroshies asked me a very interesting question and I believe that this warrants a more drawn-out response from me. I hope the rest of you will similarly find this useful. MIT is just too nerdy. I question whether I would even be able to find a balanced humanities and science education at MIT. First off, here are a few things that you should really ask yourself about MIT, just to begin with: 1. Do you like science? 11. Do you want MIT to completely change the way you think about and look at science? 21. Even if you dont want to major in science, do you think you will be able to complete the core sequence of 2 semesters of calculus, 2 semesters of physics, 1 semester of chemistry, 1 semester of biology, 2 electives in science, and 1 lab course? 1211. Do you enjoy the culture? Is MIT somewhere you can see yourself being at for the next 4 years? If the answers to all of the above is yes! then youre ready to move on Again, I hate doing the been there-done that talk (really!), but I really have no better way to begin this so here goes: I love the humanities. If you havent noticed already. My favorite class by far in high school was AP English Literature. When our Lit teacher first dissected The Four Quartets for us that warm sunny day in March of my senior year, my view towards English Literature changed forever. I kept the Norton anthology that we used as a textbook in the class, and its been a regular favorite on my shelf at MIT ever since. Equally, my other true love is History. AP US History was not enough to quench my insatiable thirst for history I did AP Euro History and AP World History via self-study and proceeded to get 5s in all three subjects. For a long time, I flirted with the idea of majoring in History at some really liberal-artsy college, although I eventually came to the decision that if history was a real passion for me, Ill always be able to do it on the side, as a complement to my life (aka. I dont have to actually major in it in college). Given all of this, I turned down offers to Brown, Columbia (Davis Scholar), and Stanford (all having perceived better humanities programs than MIT does), when decision time came. Many people have asked me why afterwards and whether I seriously thought that MIT was the best choice for me (they love to say, disdainfully, isnt MIT a school for nerds?). Heres what I think: 111221. MIT has a small humanities program, but what we have are excellent. 312211. When you say a school is good in the humanities, you still cant take every single class that the school offers. (lets face it as great as Harvard is, you cant possibly take 1,000+ of their stellar humanities classes in 8 semesters. youll still have to pick and choose) 13112221. Following from what was pointed out in number 312211 above MIT has more than enough awesome humanities classes for you to easily fill up your eight semesters here. 1113213211. If you still think thats not enough cross-reg at Harvard! I think it all comes down to whether you want to be the big fish in the small pond, or the small fish in the big pond. I think its fair to say and I dont think anyone can deny that MIT does have a higher proportion of science freaks and people who rather not see another literary analysis prompt for the rest of their life compared to most leading universities that are not engineering and science-focused. However, if you think about it in the other direction being a great humanities student here just means that you have more room to shine and stand out amongst your peers. For example, you can opt to apply to become a Burchard Scholar (which Paul and I both are). The Burchard Scholars program identifies a group of students strongly interested in the humanities and connects them with the humanities faculty and visiting scholars and speakers for speaker dinner series and other events. For example, one of the best parts so far was meeting Yo-Yo Ma when he came to Boston in an outing organized by the Burchard Scholars program (we got a free ticket to his show at Symphony Hall too! and psst, hes in one of the photos on that blog I linked to if you cant find him). For example, the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures (21F! my favorite department here 3) awards outstanding students in the study of foreign language through their annual awards. Many opportunities via the MISTI international internship program are also possible if you demonstrate competence in a foreign language. For example, the Department of Literature (21L) offers an exciting series of literature classes that are generally only a dozen students in size, providing great interaction between professors and students for knowledge exchange, relationship building, and lets face it recommendation letters. 21L also receives some of the highest course evaluation scores at MIT, if youre curious. (for the record, 21F receives the highest course evaluation scores, teehee) Not enough awesome yet? Junot Diaz teaches two writing courses at MIT, MIT has a vibrant Arts community, and the list just goes on and on.. Sure, we make jokes about science and math all the time and our professors have a propensity to fill the blackboard completely with unintelligible Greek symbols during math class but you can still find a strong humanities community here if you just look for it and chase after your passions. This said, I want to point out some other reasons why I feel like if you are a strong humanities student, it may even be better for you to come to MIT rather than another traditional humanities school. 31131211131221. MIT will completely revamp the way that you think about science. On the eve of nearly being halfway through my MIT career, I realized that quietly and slowly one problem set at a time MIT has changed the way that I perceive science. Back in high school, I used to get by by memorizing patterns, tricks, and shortcuts to pass all my exams and assignments. However, MIT has taught me that I cant rely on these things forever. If you were doing original research in cancer which no one has done before and in which there are no established answers, then what do you do in that case? MIT trains us to be problem solvers and independent thinkers. This is why they hit us with insanely difficult psets this is why they give us exams in which we feel like we always have no time to finish this is why our science courses go nearly 2x or 3x faster than state colleges and many Ivies.* (*independently verified by the author) MIT wants to instill in us the confidence that after we leave the Institvte, we would be able to tackle whatever problems come our way, either through our own ability or with help from teammates. Being a good humanities student, youre getting an education which would make you stand out from your other literary peers a rigorous scientific mindset and a keen eye for patterns, observations, and drawing conclusions. 13211311123113112211. Research opportunities. Word. I feel like this is something that I can never emphasize enough the awesomeness of MIT UROP (Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program). At MIT, you have the opportunity to do original research in almost any field conceivable here with amazing faculty and staff who are the vanguards in their respective fields. Whats even more amazing that a sizable number of these labs are willing to take on people with little-to-none experience and take the time to train you to become a valuable intern! When a friend that I know at UPenn is struggling really hard to even get a basic research position in a biology lab there, this kind of access to research jobs at MIT is almost unbelievable. For me, I started out in a C. elegans lab with absolutely zero biology lab experience aside from looking at pretty slides and dissecting rats in AP Bio. I worked there for six months, learning the valuable ins-and-outs of basic bio research like setting up a PCR, running a gel, and purifying DNA. On the side, I learned a ton about the genetics of C. elegans, an organism I didnt even know existed before coming to MIT. Six months later, satisfied with my experience, I embarked on finding another UROP this time in Anthropology (21A). Having taken NO classes in my life whatsoever in Anthopology, I began researching the state of indigenous rights in Nicaragua, which would culminate into a report sent to the United Nations Human Rights Council. This is more like an UROP that I just picked up for fun this semester and a one-shot-deal, but it just goes to show how willing professors are in letting undergrads work side-by-side with them. :) Since coming to MIT, Ive channeled my love of history by teaching a 6-week AP World History course to eight high school kids through the ESP Junction program last summer. My kids went on to score 770s and 800s on their SAT World History exams and many of them are anticipating a really good score in the upcoming AP exams next month. :) Ive explored diverse subjects across the Architecture, Economics, Political Science, Writing, and Foreign Language departments. Im part of the MIT Model United Nations team (serving as the 09-10 president for the group) again, a very humanities activity, you probably would agree. I just got accepted to an US-Japan Student Conference where selected American university students meet with similarly selected Japanese counterparts to discuss many global social, environmental, and political topics in Japan this summer. Ive strengthened my Japanese and Spanish ability, leading to two utterly phenomenal IAPs in those aforementioned countries. and Im still enjoying every moment of my humanities education at MIT. Honest. :) ps. I owe you all a giant photo blog soon =p

Essay about Andrew Jackson War Hero or Tyrant - 653 Words

Andrew Jackson was, and still is a beloved president to many people. The common person might look at our seventh president as a true war hero, when in fact Andrew Jackson was like a tyrant in many ways. He was the reason for about 7,000 Cherokees deaths, and violated many laws. The only reason Andrew Jackson was not impeached was because the senate did not provide a two thirds vote. When Andrew Jackson first came into office there seemed to be a sort of vengeance about him. A main goal of his was to get rid of most of John Adams high ranking officials. He said that they had worked against his election through fraud. Many attorneys, custom officers, land officers, and federal marshals lost their jobs to be replaced by people who had†¦show more content†¦Everyone was hoping Andrew Jackson would lower tariffs once he became president. When Andrew Jackson did not address tariffs South Carolina decided to take charge. A convention place in South Carolina in 1832. It ruled that th e tariffs of 1828 and and 1832 were unconstitutional and not enforceable in South Carolina after February 1, 1833. Just before this date Andrew Jackson created a force bill that allowed him to use military forces against South Carolina. He then created a new negotiated tariff for South Carolina, which was passed by congress. In 1832 gold was found on the land of Native American tribes. The government wanted to get the gold for themselves, so that pains many Native Americans for their land. One group of Native Americans, the Cherokees, refused to give up their land. There was a court ruling in the case Worcester vs. Georgia which officially made it unconstitutional to remove the Cherokees from their land. After the ruling Jackson was quoted in saying John Marshall has made his decision now let him enforce it. Jackson then brought military forces into the Native Americans land and force them to walk to reservations. The trail that they walked to get to their reservations is now calle d the trail of tears because an estimated 7,000 to 13,000 Cherokees died along the path. In conclusion, Andrew Jackson violated many laws and caused countless deaths, he has proved toShow MoreRelatedJackson, Tyrant or Hero?1015 Words   |  5 Pages13 The Righteous Tyrant? On 2008, when Barack Obama was elected for President, almost every one was so thrilled to see this man lead the United States. People wore shirts of him, celebrities supported him widely, singers wrote songs about him, and everyone chanted his famous line Yes We Can. On 1828, a familiar man won the hearts of Americans and claimed the title as the President of the United States after a bitter defeat on the 1824 Election. Similar to Obama, Andrew Jackson was not just seenRead MoreOn March 28, 1834, A Storm Arrived The United States Took1673 Words   |  7 PagesOn March 28, 1834, a storm arrived The United States took an unpresented action but it has never been repeated. Political war was a downpour in Washington, a war against the Democratic Party and the Whig Party when the Senate decided that taking ten weeks to deliberate on what ended as one paragraph was a good idea, it was just too important to ignore. Through, this single message these lawmakers wanted to send a message to th e President of the United States or ‘Caesar’ as some were calling him,Read MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson919 Words   |  4 Pagesof Irish colonizers in 1767, somewhere in the Carolina’s, Andrew Jackson received little formal education throughout his adolescence. During the British raid of the Carolinas in the 1780’s, Andrew Jackson, was taken as a prisoner of war, where in the course of his imprisonment, after refusing to clean and polish an English officer s boots, Jackson was struck across the face with a saber, leaving scars. In due course of the attack, Jackson lost his mother and two brothers to British forces, leavingRead More Andrew Jackson Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesAndrew Jackson No one can argue that as a president, Jackson made no mistakes; however, they in no way disqualify him from having a place on the U.S. twenty dollar bill. Jackson made every decision according to the will of the American people, even the more unsavory ones. He was a war hero that exemplified the strength and tenacity by which America has defined itself over the generations. He acted in all ways with concern for the growth of the American nation, both at home and overseas. Even hisRead MoreSimilarities Between Julius Caesar And Gaius Marius855 Words   |  4 PagesAquae Sextiae (102 B.C). Andrew Jackson, the 7th President of the United States, will later embody the spirit of Julius Caesar and Gaius Marius throughout his military campaign in the War of 1812 as well as his presidency (1829 -1837). President Jackson’s unprecedented imprint upon American politics and the presidency has exposed viewers to analyze few similarities portrayed from both Julius Caesar and Gaius Marius. Although the similarities portrayed between President Jackson and Gaius Marius wereRead MoreAndrew Jackson Short Biography1610 Words   |  7 PagesAndrew Jackson was the most loved yet most hated president in history. Jackson was the seventh President of the United States and one of the most controversial presidents our country has ever experienced. In fact, Thomas Jefferson once wrote, â€Å"I feel very much alarmed at the prospect of seeing General Jackson president. He is one of the most unfit men I know of for the place†¦He is a dangerous man.† This is how a backwoods boy became the face of the people when the American people needed it most whileRead MoreThe War Of The Creek War1082 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Hitler Andrew Jackson was the â€Å"by-any-means† type of American, who had no real concern for the long-term effects of his actions. He would gladly slaughter a tribe of Natives to further U.S. holdings, as a matter of fact, he did, several in fact. However, although Jackson committed a great deal of such atrocities, some of which are incredibly well-known, he’s still viewed as, above all else, a national hero by some in the present-day. Prior to Jackson’s presidency, wherein the great majorityRead MoreAndrew Jackson : The Second President Of The United States1580 Words   |  7 PagesAndrew Jackson, more commonly known as the seventh president of the United States, was a symbolic figure of the democratic advances of his time (1767 – 1845). He was also able to strengthen the power of presidential office in America. His journey to these accomplishments was not always easy but he was still a strong enough man to make them happen. Andrew Jackson was born March 15, 1767, in a settlement called Waxhaw. This settlement was made up of Scotch-Irish immigrants and located in along theRead MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson1523 Words   |  7 PagesAndrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767 to Scots-Irish colonists Andrew and Elizabeth Hutchinson Jackson in the mountains between North and South Carolina. Jackson was born into poverty and as a result received very little education growing up. When The British invaded the Carolinas around 1780, Jackson’s mother and two brothers were killed during the conflict and British soldiers took the young Andrew Jackson prisoner, leaving him with a lifelong hostility toward Great Britain. In 1781, JacksonRead MoreAndrew Jackson: A Man of Contradition Essay2210 Words   |  9 PagesAndrew Jackson has been described as a great hero of his time and a man who was atrocious and would destroy the Union. Andrew Jackson accomplished a great number of things during his life but some of his actions were quite questionable. Looking from the present to the past gives insight into areas where the events can be examined more objectively. However, it is vital when examining past events to keep in mind the mindsets of the past. People had a different point of view and a different perspective

Reflection - 1275 Words

Introduction â€Å"We do not learn from experience. We learn from reflecting on experience.† Philosopher John Dewey, succinctly summarised the importance of reflection as an aspect of learning. In relation to my Final Year Project (FYP), reflection has helped me realise that I have learnt a great deal. My learning experiences can be dichotomised into educational and practical aspects of the project. I was able to expand my horizons regarding radiographical knowledge, as well as learn more about the effectiveness and advantages of working as a team. Aims and Objectives Prior to the commencement of the FYP, I had outlined several aims and objectives I was interested in fulfilling. I was interested in leading a group with a diverse range of†¦show more content†¦As a team member, I ventured into the Proposal subgroup, where I and several other team mates, concentrated our efforts on the written proposal aspect, which included a variety of segments, such as Needs Analysis and Methodology. Although each sub-segment was divided among us, we ensured that there was effective communication by involving everyone within the Proposal subgroup in the construction of all segments. As such, I was involved in the construction of all segments and tasked with ensuring the flow of the proposal, while keeping it concise and comprehensible. As I was not a presenting member of the team, I endeavoured to aid the presenters by helping them compose and proof-read their scripts, as well as provide constructive criticisms on how to better deliver the material to the audience. Educational Experience As the FYP was centred around advanced modalities, I gained invaluable insight regarding the various modalities within radiography through the intensive research conducted on each of them. Additionally, I learnt about the various methods of writing and presenting an effective proposal that could convey the expected aims and objectives in a concise, comprehensible and compelling manner. Creating a Pre-Survey for a cohort of 60 taught me the importance of survey creation and the advantages of only includingShow MoreRelatedReflection1650 Words   |  7 PagesIan-Bradley Tancred This essay analyses and describes what reflection is and how it supports your personal and professional learning. It elaborates upon how and why recognizing your strengths and weaknesses are important and how they can enhance lifelong learning. It describes what arguments and assertions are, what the differences are between them and which one is better. Debnath describes reflection as a means of self-examination to learn from knowledge and experiences which will help transformRead MoreReflection1479 Words   |  6 PagesReflections Both simple and complex reflections were used. A simple reflection used towards the beginning of the interview transpired into, â€Å"pretty active out doing a lot of things.† Alternatively, a complex reflection used when reflecting on Sarah’s feelings about what her friends think about her not socializing subsisted of, â€Å"it bothers you thinking about them, wondering about your intentions.† I used twice as many complex reflections as simple reflections. Unfortunately, I should have usedRead MoreReflection On The Word Reflection 701 Words   |  3 PagesFor me the word ‘reflection’ means taking time to really dig deep into my thoughts, to contemplate something meaningful and significant, to make a decision that often involves me and my future. It has a personal and emotional connection. Daudelin (1996) uses the word ‘reflection’ to encourage managers to create time to recognise the value of learning from past and current work s ituations (‘experience’) and to adapt this learning to new situations. I would prefer to choose the words ‘thought’ or ‘consideration’Read MoreReflection1218 Words   |  5 PagesReflection on your personal development Reflection is a major factor in developing self-awareness to improve services provided to everyone around me, this is to develop my own understanding in realising the good and bad made previously. Moving forward with a better understanding, as well as rectifying the mistake whilst recognizing the good points, (Horton-Deutsch and Sherwood, 2008). Working in a domiciliary setting and visiting vulnerable adults within their homes, I am constantly tryingRead Morereflection703 Words   |  3 Pageshelpful/ inspiring. Your completed template form and content should be a CRITICAL reflection of the paper/ chapter content but NOT merely summarize what you have read. TEMPLATE FOR REFLECTIONS ON EXPERIENCES DATE: PLACE: The experience 1. What experience are you reflecting on (class session, project group meeting, particular piece of reading, other)? Give a brief account of this experience. 2. 3. Reflections on Experience 4. 2. Looking back, what was particularly memorable/ interestingRead MoreReflection Of Illusion1635 Words   |  7 Pages Shattering a Reflection of Illusion I stare blankly at the blinking caret. Propped up snugly against three quilted pillows and one calculus textbook is my laptop. To be more specific, a laptop opened to an empty Microsoft Word document. Writing a speech is no easy task, but writing a valedictory address is like playing darts with spaghetti. Humbly accepting the position as the class valedictorian, I have been graced with the task of writing an excerpt that would fill my classmates’ hearts withRead MoreNursing reflection.12855 Words   |  52 PagesReflective Essay This essay will look at reflection on a critical incident that has promoted a positive outcome. It is not a very major incident but it stands out as it has a potential for learning. This essay will identify and explain Johns (1994) model of reflection and explain what reflection is and why reflective practice is necessary and how it can be used. Schone (1983) recommended reflection on critical incidence as a valuable term, sited in Ghaye and Lillyman (1997) a critical incidentRead MoreReflection Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesintegral part of nursing. It will also demonstrate how reflection enabled me to make sense of and learn from this experience, as well as identify any further learning developments needed to improve my practice and achieve the level of competency needed for when I qualify as an assistant practitioner. While discussing the knowledge underpinning practice, evidence based literature will be reviewed to support my discussion and for the purpose of reflection the essay will be written in the first person. SpouseRead MoreReflection On Self Development Through Reflection1854 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough reflection is a key issue of education and learning (Kennison, 2012), where you learn through experience (Tashiro, Shimpuku, Naruse and Matsutani, 2013), learn to self-evaluate (Duffy, 2013), identify gaps in knowledge and detect where further training or study is required to improve practice (Olarerin, 2013). Ultimately reflection is thought to be constant learning from practice, thus refining knowledge and experiences and putting them into practice (Naidoo, 2013). Within my reflection examplesRead MoreReflection Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesI determined that I needed a new interest, something to keep my mind engaged and challenged. I enrolled in the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) through the Columbia Southern University (CSU) just for fulfillment. This reflection assignment exercise proves to be the catalyst for my future college endeavors. The assignment to reflect on DBA program dreamed of taking steps towards realizing those ideas and course accomplishments right now. Due to time some course assignments, I will embrace,

Social promotion in NYC public schools Free Essays

Today New York City district accounts approximately 1. 1 million students, what is one of the largest public school districts in USA. Just couple months ago, Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Chancellor Joel Klein introduced new approach towards the social promotion in public schools in NYC. We will write a custom essay sample on Social promotion in NYC public schools or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the Raymond Domanico, the proposed initiative will hold back around 15,000 third-graders in case if they fail English and math tests. [#1, P. 4] Of course, the issue of social promotion in public schools is a controversial one and contains numerous cons and pros which were lately widely discussed among the educators. In this essay I am going to provide detailed information regarding social promotion in NYC. The idea of social promotion was initially introduced in NYC in the beginning of 1980s. The program looks alike to the one proposed by Klein and Bloomberg not long ago. Though, 20 years ago it was called â€Å"Promotional Gates Program† and obligated students of the third and seventh grade to pass English reading test and math test before they are accepted to the upper grade. They were also proposed to study at summer schools if they fail the test and retake it at the end of August. Only if they fail this test for the second time, they will be turned back to the same grade again. The novelty of Mayor’s initiative concludes in that, that if the third-graders fail the reading and math test (will not pass level 3, where 4th level is considered to be the highest) – they will be offered another chance to take it but previously attend the summer school. The trick and the topic for the continuing discussions of educators is in that, that the passing level for the second test attempt – is level 2 (the rest of scenario of social promotion is invariable – if students fail this level, they are to repeat third grade again). Some argue that this method will provide weak students the understanding that their flabby achievements will be tolerated, and therefore these students are left with each year behind their progressing classmates. But the Chancellor Joe Klein notes, that â€Å"No one wants to hold students behind. So large numbers of students are promoted even though those students are not prepared for the next grade. The result is that many students are passed through the system from one grade to another without the necessary preparation and skills. These students typically fall further and further behind until they ultimately leave school unprepared. † [#1, p. 4] Now it becomes more understandable, why these changes raised number of accusations from the side of educators and have opponents as well. New Mayor’s approach is retrieved towards summer schools as well: those will be available for the students who are not only third graders but also second graders and who demonstrate poor results and attendance during that grade. The class size is decreased to the quantity of the small group and will account approximately 15 students in each. As to me, this point of the program is very commendable and worth of appropriate attention. Of course, the other question which is usually discussed when the program is either implemented or maintained – is its budgeting. Our case is not an exception. It is worth saying that budget of NYC is to cover these expenses and the size of this burden accounts $25 million (this number is an approximate, but the real one could be much higher). Therefore in order to deal with it, some high school principals in NYC has diverted the funds from the high school students toward the third grade program. Joe Mathew is supporting this idea as well and expresses his thought in the following way â€Å"Money spent on an extra year of schooling for retained students would be better spent on preventing low achievement†. [#2, p. 4] According to the statistical data, because of social promotion program, 25% of all ninth grade students in NYC public schools are over-aged for their class. #1, p. 4] This number brings to the conclusion, that these students most probably were detained once during there school time. In some schools also exists â€Å"unwritten policy of teachers and principals† which is aimed to minimize withholding of a weak students to the lowest quantity of years as it is possible. My opinion is, that when improving social promotion programs in NYC public schools, the attention should be paid to the identificat ion of the â€Å"risk† students or â€Å"risk† groups and work with them before it is too late. I think that it would be also more appropriate to aim these costs to the development of suchlike programs as preschool, improvement of the school in general and additional attention for the low-motivated students or the one who are behind the program. But, for myself I brought up the question for further discussion: is social promotion the result of school miscarriage or is it the sign of greater number of problems which school may face in a near future? How to cite Social promotion in NYC public schools, Papers

An Ounce of Cure Defined free essay sample

In Alice Munro’s, â€Å"An Ounce of Cure,† a typical teenage girl, after being dumped by her boyfriend, takes drastic actions to forget her emotions and later finds herself face to face with reality. With that feeling of hurt, devastation, and slight bitterness inside of her, she made the decision to get drunk in hopes of forgetting the emotions that suddenly overwhelmed her. Not knowing the outcome of her actions, she quickly becomes aware that she had done wrong. She later would learn from her mistake and become a better person for her decision that ultimately changed the course of her life. The story, An Ounce of Cure, is told by the teenage girl several years after the crisis in which she endured. The narrator appears to be a somewhat typical teenage girl who fell in love for the first time to only find herself heartbroken. It is apparent to the reader from the consistent use of past tense, the level of vocabulary, and the mention of major events such as first love, first dance, and college, that the story is being told looking back on a troubling but yet vital part of her past. We will write a custom essay sample on An Ounce of Cure Defined or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Towards the end of her story she states, â€Å"I had a glimpse of the shameless, marvelous, shattering absurdity with which the plots of life, though not fiction, are improvised† (Munro, 22). It was on that Saturday night in April in 1968 at the Berryman’s house which whom she baby-sat for often, that the life-altering decision unraveled. The setting in this story is like a timeline of her summer from the breakup to the drunken cascade. Munro plotted the story in such a way that you feel as though you were following the main character through several months of emotions and conflicts; such as seeing Martin Collingwood play Darci in the schools Christmas production of Pride and Prejudice all the way up to the night of the Spring Dance, shortly followed by that forever lasting Saturday night. The language and tone throughout the story is light and playful, not once letting the painful measures of the experience dictate. She tells her story using humor to downplay her pain and speaks about the subject as though she has fully come to terms with it, giving the tone of the entire story a playfulness, self-criticism, detachment, and even keenness. She once states within the story what she felt after drinking that, â€Å"when I say I was expecting extravagant results, I do not mean that I was expecting this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Munro 22). She acts as though her experience that night made her more mature and open-minded towards the world and its possibilities. After reading An Ounce of Cure and the drastic events that took place, familiar emotions arise because this particular story maybe the narrator’s story but it is virtually every teenagers as well. The tone made you feel compelled to console her in those hard times but also made you feel inspired by the confidence and self-awareness that aspired that night.

Nyu Essay Essays - Economy, Economy Of China, Greenwich Village

Nyu Essay From the early beginnings of my high school career, I have dreamed of attending a private university on the East Coast. Upon learning about New York University, it seems to fit perfectly. NYU offers the education and facility for me to achieve my dream of becoming a business leader in addition to having a solid foundation in the liberal arts. The Leonard N. Stern School of Business at NYU is ranked among the top 10 in the nation. New York City is an international center of finance, commerce, culture and law, as well as home to countless major industries and corporations. At Stern I can develop the cognitive and practical skills essential for becoming a business leader and simultaneously develop my talents and potential. This opportunity will allow me to experience times of great change, challenge, and excitement. Just recently, the landmark trade deal signed by U.S.-China offers U.S. companies unprecedented access to China's 1.2 billion consumers. From farmers to filmmakers, American businesses are expected to benefit from the new opening markets. China's ascension to the World Trade Organization (WTO) is a guarantee to the rest of the world that they can expect certain things from China's economic and commercial behavior. The WTO agreement will lead to an eventual boom to the U.S. economy and a spur to Chinese economic reforms, with estimates that it could lead to a doubling of China's global trade to $600 billion by 2005. By tying China to a set of rules that make foreign investors more comfortable, the agreement also sets the stage for a greater inflow of foreign capital, desperately needed to help employ the growing armies of the unemployed. The 21st century business landscape will be challenging and competitive on an international scale. The curriculum at NYU will provide me the necessary foundation to personify creativity and innovation. With the accession of China into the WTO, the future of business and trade will surely create a new horizon and give many new opportunities to a new generation of students and aspiring business leaders, such as myself. Along with a substantive grounding in the social and cultural context of all business activity and interpersonal and communications skills essential to a successful business career, I am also Chinese. As a native to Taiwan, my fluency in Mandarin Chinese will further allow me to rise above the rest and thrive in a culture I am greatly familiar with. My unique blend of multiculturalism, in particular the American and Chinese language and culture, will be especially helpful in our ever-changing global economy. I have so much that I can learn from Stern at NYU, but I also have so much to offer. My different experiences, drive and desire to learn will further enhance me academically and will allow me to use what I learn to make the business field better for our future generations. I would like to see the continuance of my education at NYU as a part of that future. To learn from all that it has to offer, I can later take what I have learned from NYU to share and give back to others. Acceptance is, for me, a chance of a lifetime. The knowledge and experience I could gain will truly help me see my goals turn into a prosperous and promising reality. Acceptance Essays

catch22 essays

catch22 essays In J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfields innocence is taken away through a twisted chain of events. The novel opens up with Holden depresses after fluking out of Penecy, the suicide of a classmate, and the death of his brother, Allie. Because if these tragic events, Holden tries to preserve his innocence and the purity of the children around him. Holden wants to catch all of the naive children who are falling off the cliff into adulthood. As a result of Holden coming across his sister Phoebe and the *censored* you on the wall of the school, Holdens dreams of becoming the catcher in the rye disappear. He finally realizes that all children must fall into adulthood, just as While walking through the bust streets of New York, Holden notices a lighthearted little boy who is walking and humming if a body catch a body coming through the rye (43). Holden finds it humorous that the child can hum so nonchalantly as the cars on the bust street honk at him. Despite the fast-moving cars, which represent the average phonies in the world, the child pays no attention to them. When Holden sees that the little boy will not allow himself to be pulled into the average crowd of people, he realizes that not everyone wishes to fall from their simple childhood into adulthood. From Holdens encounter with this little boy, he wants to become the catcher in the I kept picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobody around-nobody big, I mean-except me. And I am standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff. I mean if theyre running and they dont ...

Case study about Starbucks Strategic Marketing Managment

About Starbucks Strategic Marketing Managment - Case Study Example The social environment within such domains has been established largely by the significance that Starbucks has had for its environs over the years, whereby it opens its outlets where people are in large numbers and are willing to accept Starbucks within their ranks (Kline 2005). It helps them to sit back and relax while sipping away coffee or having some other dessert in the Starbucks outlets. The success for Starbucks has come about with the realization to set things right and more so from the social and cultural contexts, because this is something that shall bring about a great deal of importance for the global chain which has been doing wonders over the years. The opportunity that Starbucks detected was for its own good, and it paid rich dividends in the end. This was the most basic difference between gauging success or the lack thereof within such quarters. 2- Starbucks competitive situation has changed over time as the market and industry have changed. Use Porter’s Five F orces Model (p. 73) to analyze Starbucks current competitive situation. ... The bargaining role of the buyers and sellers has always been minimal because Starbucks has depended a great deal on its name which has become a brand over the years. This has been manifested through hard work and sheer commitment within its ranks, where its name is synonymous with repute and dignity all around the world. The threat of substitute coffee chains has similarly existed for the longest time. There have been mushroom companies which have tried the Starbucks name with their respective brands but have achieved little or no success at all, since the Starbucks’ hard loyal customers know where to get the best quality from (Stopper 2004). The threat of the competitive rivalry has always benefited Starbucks in essence as it has upped the bar of providing true quality and absolutely committed products to its customers all over the world. The current competitive situation has usually been built up over the passage of time (Snyder 2006). This was not always the case. The repu tation has come along due to the Starbucks’ top management realms who have understood the dictum of providing utmost quality and state of the art services to the esteemed customers all over the globe. When Starbucks first began, people thronged to get a taste of its rich coffee and wanted to be at the Starbucks’ stores at the very earliest. 3- Starbucks have had to change some of their marketing strategies over time as the market has changed. What are two of their marketing strategies to compete in dynamic markets? Starbucks has been able to change its marketing strategies over time because it wants to be the best available coffee chain that the world has seen. This has

Creativity and entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Creativity and entrepreneurship - Essay Example The social network studies scholars had claimed that creativity of an individual or a concern is significantly dependent on social networks that are static over time. The static network concepts are basically one network point at a time. Here networks are either described on the basis of their position or strength. However, it should be noted that the precise relationship existing between social network and creativity is not clearly known. Even so, it is believed that creativity of an individual or an organization is a component of social process. At the initial stages it was believed that social networking viewpoint of creativity was only a â€Å"one dimensional static concept† (Perry-Smith and Shalley, 2003). However, over time it is found that the concept can be multidimensional in nature, including both static and dynamic perspectives. Creativity and progress of an organization can only be tackled by its promoters or entrepreneurs. This essay will analyze the most appropri ate approach of social networking perspective of creativity in context of entrepreneurship. The social network perspective has been advocated by Perry-Smith and Shalley (2003), which identifies interpersonal interaction and interpersonal communication as two important antecedents or precursors to creativity. This concept has been previously agreed upon by various scholars such as Amabile (1996) and Woodman, Sawyer and Griffin (1993), proposing that communication of information and ideas enhance creativity. Interpersonal communication has been linked to creativity and knowledge level skills. Similarly, interpersonal interaction includes communication with people across diverse backgrounds, specialization areas and responsibilities (Woodman et al., 1993). Thus, one of the major factors differentiating social network perspective is its dynamic relationship and

Ethical Issues for Community Treatment Orders

Ethical Issues for Community Treatment Orders Ekta Patel Community Treatment Orders refer to a legal order in which patients must accept medical care such as therapy, rehabilitations, management or coping classes, counselling or other health services while living in the public. The Community Treatment Order (CTO) accounts to serve patients with psychiatric treatment plans that are essentially established by the patients psychiatric health provider. The CTO requires patients to comply with all conditions and terms of the order, hence, if not followed, they would be directed to a psychiatric health facility where essential care and treatment would be initiated. CTO can be prepared for any time period for up to twelve months. This means that patients may have to comply with CTOs for more than just one sequential time. Section 7 on the Canadian Charter Rights of Freedom, under the Mental Health Legislation, it states that life, liberty and security of all citizens are fundamental principles of justice. Notwithstanding, ethical concerns arise because these rights of people are jeopardized with the forceful commitment and acceptance that psychiatric patients have to conform to when CTOs come to play. There have been ethical controversies associated with the implementation of CTOs along with other forms of outpatient treatment regulations. The debate on the suitable mandatory care in the community reflects the unstable political, philosophical, and medical concerns. With the involuntary Community Treatment Orders options, it is said to force treatment amongst individuals seeking care, hence taking away their rights of having a choice. In short, CTOs place patient autonomy at risk. The debate argues that this forceful treatment takes away the right of individuals to refuse treatment for a psychiatric illness. This argument of limiting freedom amongst individuals with disturbances is not recent; it has been a targeted issue since the 1960s through the 1970s. During the 1960s and 1970s the debate largely focused on the quarrel of involuntary inpatient treatment and care. However, at present, the debate focuses on community based treatment, arguing that CTOs serve to stop involuntary medical attention. With the implementation of CTOs, are several associated arguments. Firstly, CTO being involuntary, it breaks the norm of never forcing treatment amongst individuals. CTO aggravates forceful actions into the community. The implementation of CTO intensifies the struggle of defending patient rights within the community, thus neglecting other possible services that could be far more optimal in treating patients. Thirdly, we all know that the overflow of inpatients and wait-times in health care facilities have become a prime concern, and with the execution of CTOs, hospitals will be far more packed with non-adherent patients. Consequently, this reinforces long wait-times in Emergency Departments and causes in-patient beds to be occupied more frequently, therefore delaying and interrupting the quality of health services and care for other patients. From the perspective of psychic, Uri Geller, come people are deprived of their liberties in the attempt to give them psychiatric care. Occasionally, others are deprived of psychiatric care in the attempt to guard their liberties. Supporters of CTOs argue that when people with psychological disturbances are given liberty, they could potentially become marginalized from getting crucial treatment required to benefit their health. Though this idea to some extent is accurate, there is a much riskier adverse effect associated with it. This is because, when patients are involuntarily treated for the specified amount of time chosen by psychiatrics, patients are required to take regular doses of antipsychotic medications. As a result of this, it can lead to severe long-term or short-term harmful side effects. Community Treatment Orders have illustrated to reduce the number of victimized patients of abuse. CTO is a form of epistemic violence, because it involves ignoring individuals perspective, while declaring they are too sick to have a say. The implementation of CTOs is significantly increasing, but it is argued that the result of CTOs does not validate the constraints that are compiled on a patients autonomy. Reason being, although coerce CTOs make the public feel secure and safe, it violates those, who are suffering from psychiatric imbalances. This is because, they are not given the liberty and the right to choose what type of treatment and care they would like to seek and are discriminated against. According to a randomized controlled trial, it was found that the number of patients readmitted did not differ as much between patients. Hence, it can be concluded that compulsory orders do not reduce the rate of hospital re-admission of psychiatric consumers. There is limited evidence that proves that compulsory community treatments, including CTOs have achieved its medical goals, which was to decrease re-hospitalisation and increase attention towards medication and medical services.ÂÂ   Instead, to improve community-based psychiatric services, psychiatrics or other medical specialists could arrange for regular patient testing, for example, frequent urine, and blood. This can help specialists to have adequate patient information, allowing them to precisely determine optimal treatment plans. References Andrew, M., John, D., Julia, S., Jorun, R., Ksenija, Y., Maria, M., Merryn, V., Stefan, P., Tom, B. (2013). Community treatment orders for patients with psychosis (OCTET): a randomised controlled trial, Article, Volume 381, Page 1-7. Retrieved from http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(13)60107-5.pdf Brenda A. L.,ÂÂ   Geoffrey., R., Robert, M.ÂÂ   (Eds.). (2013).ÂÂ   Mad Matters. Toronto, Ontario: Candian Scholars Press Inc. Canadian Civil Liberties Association. (2015). Talking About Community Treatment Orders and Discrimination. Retrieved from https://ccla.org/talking-about-community-treatment-orders-and-discrimination/ Dreezer, S., Bay, M., Hoff, D., Microlog (2007). Dreezer Dreezer Inc., Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care Ebrary CEL York University, Report on the legislated review of community treatment orders, required under section 33.9 of the Mental Health Act. [Toronto, Ont.]: Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Hutt, L., La Forest, G. V., Lahey, W. (2013) Independent Panel to Review the Involuntary Psychiatric Treatment Act and Community Treatment Orders. Department of Health and Wellness, Canadian Electronic Library (Firm), Ebrary CEL York University. Report of the Independent Panel to Review the Involuntary Psychiatric Treatment Act and Community Treatment Orders. Department of Health and Wellness Office of the Chief Psychiatrist. (2001). Community Treatment Orders A Review (PDF File). Retrieved from http://www.health.wa.gov.au/mhareview/resources/documents/A_Review_of_CTOs_T_Rolfe.pdf R.A. Malatest Associates., Ontario. Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care., Canadian Electronic Library (Firm). (2012). The legislated review of community treatment orders: Final report. Victoria, B.C.: R.A. Malatest Associates Ltd.. Richard O. (2004). Why Are Community Treatment Orders Controversial. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry- In Review, Volume 49 (9), Pages 1-6. https://ww1.cpa-apc.org/Publications/Archives/CJP/2004/september/oreilly.pdf Ronan, M. The Community Treatment Order: Clinical and Ethical Issues. (1998). Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Volume 32, Pages 223-228. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/00048679809062732 Steve, K., Katherine, H. (2014). An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Evidence for the Effectiveness of Community Treatment Orders. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Pages 1-4 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/070674371405901010

Me Talk Pretty One Day Essay

Me Talk Pretty One Day. The title already starts questions and as you get through the essay, it makes perfect sense and creates a meaning to the title. Sedaris is the narrator throughout the essay and nearly at the beginning of the story you finds his tone throughout the essay is kind of a depressed tone, it sounds like he is depressed and put down by the instructor of his french course. Sedaris is passionate in leaning French. He moves to France and starts school there, so that he would learn the language better than he could in America. On his first day Sedaris watches his fellow students catch up with each other, discussing their summer vacations and the latest news about mutual friends. He has a number of first impressions: they appear much younger (he is now forty-one years old), they are definitely much more attractive, and they all appear to speak French flawlessly. Sedaris soon feels a little out of his element, until his French teacher arrives and makes him feel like a complete imbecile. However, Sedaris is not alone in being belittled by his instructor for she did not just pick on him but the rest of the class. However, he still went home every night and studied everything so that he could go to class the next day and know just a little more so the teacher wouldn’t pick on him as much. You find the depressed tone again during class, that everyone wanted to be there but at the same time didn’t want to be there. The teacher rode on a high horse because she didn’t speak only fluent French but 4 other languages too, including English, which she shows to Sedaris by saying in English â€Å"I hate you, I really hate you. (Found on page 3, last paragraph) Now why in her right mind does the teacher feel the need to put everyone down, and to say something of this nature stating that she hates him. Why is that, is it because she herself has troubles in her life and she feels in her time of power of being the professor of a French course and the only one that can speak it fluently, that she can emasculate everyone in the class. But through all of that all of the students including Sedaris, go home every night and study their French for hours on end, an example of it is stated on page 14, 1st paragraph. â€Å"I took to spending 4 hours a night on my homework, putting in even more time when we were assigned an essay. † Because of that the tone suddenly switches from a depressed tone to an upbeat tone right towards the end of the essay when Sedaris states, â€Å"Understanding doesn’t mean that you can suddenly speak the language. Far from it. It’s a small step, nothing more, yet it’s rewards are intoxicating and deceptive. The teacher continued her diatribe and I settled back, bathing in the subtle beauty of each new curse and insult. † From that moment, the professor goes on to belittle Sedaris but this time he isn’t hurt or insulted by it. He takes from it and with confidence replies to her insults with, â€Å"I know the thing that you speak exact now. Talk me more, you, plus, please, plus. Leaving you with a feeling of happiness and joy knowing that Sedaris gained his confidence back. From the tone of the essay, it makes everything feel a lot better in the end. The use of the â€Å"French† in the essay, gives meaning to the times where you dont understand what the counterpart is saying applying the use of words that doesn’t exist creates a confusion but also an understantment of how Sedaris feels when the teacher is talking to him. Here you can see the words meimslsxp; lgpdmurct; apzkiubjxow; palicmkrexis; fiuscrzsa; ticiwelmun; kfdtinvfm; vkkdyo; kdeynfulh. Understanding and speaking do not automatically go hand in hand, but it is better to understand rather than to speak. Which is the point the author is trying to make through the entire selection.. David Sedaris takes a stroll down memory lane in his anecdote about his experience learning to speak French in Paris, under the rule of a cruel dictator-like teacher. He describes certain moments of intense cruelty of the teacher, such as when one girl in his class doesn’t know the correct irregular past tense of the verb to defeat. The girl was poked in the eye with a freshly sharpened pencil, and the teacher, although remorseful, did not spend much time apologizing. The students in the class are not fluent in French, and their halting sentences, when translated, sound like â€Å"sometime me cry alone at night†¦that be common for I, also, but be more strong, you. † This is the exact way that a student of a foreign language would speak, and it illuminates the difference between speaking a language so that others could possibly understand you, and understanding the language.

Middle Eastern Views of Mental Illness

There are many countries that are considered to be countries of the Middle East. Some of these include Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Yemen, and Isreal, just to name a few. Many of these countries have things in common, such as belief in Islam, use of the Arabic language, connections through the Arab League, historical ties, etc. The different countries form a chain of countries that are linked by culture and religion on the one hand and yet vary greatly in terms of dialect and history on the other.The Arabic language is a large common denominator between these countries; however, dialects can be so different from each other to a point where a person from Syria can hardly communicate with a person from Algeria. (1) Most landscape in the Middle East is either occupied by harsh desert conditions or mountains. This has made its people very tough in terms of living conditions. Lebanon, parts of Syria, Turkey, Iran and Iraq have mountainous areas while most of the other countries are flat and extrem ely arid.Those living in the desert traditionally used to move around in a perennial search for water, which resulted in unique eating behaviors and homes. A typical Arab house in the desert is built out of mud and has little furniture. The food is basic with little processing. However, in the mountains of Lebanon, Syria or Turkey one will encounter strong homes with heavy stones and arches that can last for generations. In addition, food in these areas is usually produced during summertime and stored in cellars for use when nature does not allow them to go out and work their snow covered fields. 1) Religions play a big role in the dynamics of the Middle Eastern society. They are considered to be one of the main pillars of the society and individuals are stereotyped based on religion. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity are the main religions practiced in the middle-east and people who practice these faiths only surround themselves with people of the same faith. Daily life is practiced on the basis of ones religion and others are expected to respect that.1) The present day Middle East is a mixture of very old cultures and very young nations that were organized by European colonial powers after the defeat of the Central Powers which led to the end of World War One and fall of the Ottoman Empire. The culture of the Middle East is thus understood only by learning about the history of the region and the forces that have influenced the growth and demise of controlling powers. Since World War One, colonial countries such as France, Great Britain, and The United States have ignificantly influenced the Middle East. (1) Keeping in mind this very generalized description of the Middle Eastern culture we can now begin to look at the beliefs in terms of mental illness. In my research it is safe to say that most all opinions by middle easterners are based off of their religious beliefs. According to the SRA (Stigma Research and Action) people from non-Western cultures tend to attribute the cause of mental illness more frequently to the afflicted individual.It is possible that discrimination against the mentally ill differs in an Islamic culture where mental illnesses and other ailments are, to some extent, considered to be due to the will of God, rather than evil forces, bad behavior, or other personally devaluating factors. According to the holy Koran, people with a mental disorder should be treated with respect, and this might result in a less stigmatizing attitude.Such a perception of causality would also reasonably apply to the individual, and might be a factor that reduces self-blame. One must bear one’s predicament and wait for the mercy of God! A study was done by SRA researchers and participants were asked a series of open-ended questions. Responses indicated feelings of alienation, sharing stereotypes about the mentally ill, experiences of discrimination, social withdrawal, and resistance to being stigmatized and discriminated against.For example, responses included: Yes, they discriminate against us; They don’t count on us; Our society has no capacity for us; I mean there is no cultural understanding in our society; They ridicule, insult and harm us; I wish they could understand that psychiatric patients are like other patients, like patients with cancer or cardiac disease and that they can live their lives.A recurring theme was the idea of the mentally ill as dangerous and aggressive: They all believe a mentally ill patient is a natural born killer and that’s why I try to keep myself to myself and not even claim what I’m entitled to; When the police came they were acting as if I was a criminal, but they ought to know that I’m a patient, not a criminal. (2) The International Journal of Mental health Systems has thoroughly researched the country of Iraq in terms of their views on Mental illness.According to their research public attitudes towards mental illness in Iraq has shown that comm unity opinion about the aetiology of mental illness is broadly compatible with scientific evidence, but understanding of the nature of mental illness, its implications for social participation and management remains negative in general. (3) As nurses we have to remain unbiased, and educational towards our patients and their families.When faced with a patient with a mental illness whom is Middle eastern we need to stay mindful of the fact that they probably believe that they were afflicted by their God in some way, or in some way they deserved to be born with this illness. We need to simply educate them on the importance of medication Therapy and safety. We should treat all of our patients the same no matter what their cultural beliefs are and we should always treat each patient with respect.Active listening is an important skill to master as a nurse with all patients but with Middle Eastern patients especially it is a sign of respect to listen to them first, and allow them to finish completely prior to speaking. Giving this level of respect to all patients all the time will ensure that as nurses we never offend, and that we give the best quality care.

The Fires of Jubilee How Reliable is It Essay - 1462 Words

The Fires of Jubilee, by Stephen B. Oates, tells an account of Nat Turner’s rebellion. Beginning with Nat’s early life and finally ending with the legacy his execution left the world, Oates paints a historical rending of those fateful days. The Confessions of Nat Turner by Thomas R. Gray and approved by Nat himself is among Oates’ chief sources. Oates is known as a reputable historian through his other works, and has strong credentials however, in the case of The Fires of Jubilee there are some limitations. It is, therefore, worth analyzing Oates’ interpretation for reliability. In doing so one sees that The Fires of Jubilee, because of its weak use of citations, failure to alert the audience of assumed details and the way in which†¦show more content†¦Considering the limitations Oates may have run into with publishers, his use of citations is a decent attempt. However, his method is not the most effective way. First, there is not a footno te in sight. There is no rule demanding the utilization of footnotes; however, footnotes illuminate and confirm Oates’ sources. Not using footnotes, by contrast, make his sources difficult to comprehend, possibly temporarily, weakening his argument. Finally, there are some quotes with numbers and some without. Clearly, Oates has a system for his sources but it is not necessarily the best way. The reader should be able to follow the author’s mode of citations making the argument clear and convincing. Allowing confusion here affects the author’s ability to convey his or her view; combined with other weaknesses could mean considerable failure for the case. While reading the content one sees Oates as an extraordinary story-teller. His prose and drama allow the reader to see, hear, and feel the world of Southampton, VA. Oates calls this approach â€Å"the technique of dramatic narration.† However, this advance can affect accuracy. In the early stages of his account Oates writes, â€Å"By the time Nat was four or five years old, Nancy was extremely proud of him. Bright-eyed and quick to learn. . . . † This quote gives the audience some kind of understanding of the relationship between Nancy and her son and begins to illustrate NatShow MoreRelatedHistory of Michigan 7th test Chap 18 19 Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesD) Aretha Franklin E) Ray Charles 4.What Michigan governor was a serious candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 1968 until he made a controversial statement accusing the U.S. government of brainwashing the American public about how the war was really going in Vietnam? A) John Engler B) William Milliken C) George W. Romney D) Gerald R. Ford 5.What innovative aircraft designer convinced Henry and Edsel Ford to become involved in commercial aviation? A) Orville Wright B) Donald DouglasRead MoreImplication of Oil and Gas Investment in Ghana15418 Words   |  62 Pagesthe discovery of oil in any location, particularly developing countries, is greeted with great optimism. Such was the case in the golden jubilee year of Ghana’s independence when oil was discovered in commercial quantities in the Western Region of Ghana, the same region noted historically for rubber, forestry and minerals of various kinds. In the golden jubilee fields alone, it is estimated that by 2011, oil production per day would hit 120,000 barrels and the revenue from the oil and gas explorationRead MoreEssay about A Mercy Notes4980 Words   |  20 Pagesevents in the New Testament, and in their own lives as religious reformers. 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Music And Its Impact On Modern Society - 1470 Words

Until now the process for adapting a novel into film has been applicable to opera. There are still several factors separating the two. While it is only briefly necessary to cite a few of the obvious- varying differences of scale, projection of sound, and extreme variation of natural setting versus constructed set - truly, the most important of these factors is the musical score. In film, music takes the shape of sound effects or background accompaniment. It is also commonly added to pre-recorded footage creating an atmosphere or mood. Music may link scenes together, portray the true nature of certain characters, or serve as an indicator in foreshadowing or approaching disaster. There are essentially no rules when it comes to film music†¦show more content†¦Unlike film, it is not enough to remove a difficult dialect or translate the text of the novel into the vernacular. The spoken text must be available for manipulation into lines of melodic passion and purpose. It must propel the action of the plot forward while matching the mood of the character and music of the score. Furthermore, it must be simple yet important enough to draw the attention of the audience from the music and the spectacle of the opera around it. In accordance with the guidelines described above, the following information will assess the effectiveness of two novels, which served as inspiration for both film and opera adaptations. The first novel is a classic of English literature from the middle 19th century. Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « was initially considered controversial for clearly challenging Victorian ideals of the day. This included the exploration of social classes, gender inequality, morality, and religious hypocrisy. In addition, provocative themes of mad love and violence, in the passionate affair between the two main characters, make the novel ripe material for an adaptation. There are two main characters up for analysis, Heathcliff and Catherine. Though Catherine is a large focus of the novel, she is not the empathic protagonist. She is, in a mild way, an antagonist to Heathcliff. She is a wild, selfish woman who has grown up getting

Essay about Literary Analysis Clay and The Dead - 1336 Words

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Marketing Management Motorola

Question: Describe about depth understanding of the importance of designing an effective extended marketing mix which helps an organisation achieve its desired goals and objectives? Answer: Executive Summary This report gives an in-depth understanding about the importance of designing an effective extended marketing mix which helps an organisation achieve its desired goals and objectives. This report focuses on the people, process and physical evidence elements of extended marketing mix. It show how organisations such as Motorola can design their extended marketing mix in order to create a competitive advantage against rivals in todays dynamic business environment. First part of the report studies the people element of extended marketing mix for Motorola in details. It is seen how Motorola handles its employees, culture, suppliers and customers in order to secure its market position and remain committed to its corporate social responsibilities. Effective management of their people element help Motorola in developing a sustainable business. Second part of the report studies the process element of extended marketing mix for Motorola in details. It is seen how Motorola ensures its customers are informed about steps to receive their products and services and the steps the company should undergo to deliver their products and services to their customers. The complaint handling procedure used by Motorola and response time is studies in details. Third part of the report studies the physical evidence of extended marketing mix for Motorola in details. It shows how Motorola design their stores and office premises in a way to create positive perception for their company. It also studies how Motorola use social media to communicate customer reviews and create a buzz for their products in the market. Fourth part of the assignment identifies the below the line promotion activities that can help Motorola secure its market position and retain its competitive advantage. Introduction Marketing today is at the heart of all businesses and enable them achieving their desired goals, performance objectives and profitability(Baines, et al., 2013). It facilitates communication between consumers and sellers. Marketing management is an organisational discipline that is concerned with the practical application of marketing orientation methods and techniques within organisations and effective management of organisations marketing activities and resources (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2012). It is plays a vital role in achieving overall organisational success and makes the firm highly customer-oriented. Marketing activities help organisations in creating mutually beneficial relationship with their customers. It helps identifying customer needs and then finding ways for satisfying those needs in unique manner. Motorola was started in year 1928 in Chicago, Illinois as Galvin Manufacturing Corporation by Paul V and Joseph E. Galvin with a working capital of $ 565 and 5 employees (Motorola Mobility LLC, 2015). Owing to a loss of $ 4.3 billion in year 2007-2009, the company is split into two separate and independent public entities in year 2011 namely, Motorola Solutions and Motorola Mobility. Motorola Mobility in year 2012 was acquired by Google who sold it to Lenovo in year 2014. Motorola has a divisional organisational structure wherein they have made division based on their products (Motorola Mobility LLC, 2015). The three divisional products of Motorola are; Enterprise Mobility Solutions which is headquartered in Schaumburg, Illinois and provide communication services to enterprise mobility business and government and public safety sectors; Home Network Mobility which is headquartered in Arlington Heights, Illinois and provide end-to-end systems for uninterrupted access to digital entert ainment; Mobile Devices which is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois and is involved in designing and manufacturing of wireless handsets. Motorola aims at inventing, building and delivering the best mobile devices on the planet and thus improving the lives of its million valued customers. Motorola is recognised worldwide for its effective leadership and innovation in field of broadband and wireless communication. Its long term vision is to provide Seamless Mobility so that customers can easily remain connected with people, information and entertainment desired by them. Extended Marketing Mix The first step of any marketing activity involves defining the marketing mix. Marketing mix of an organisation defines the set of marketing variables that must be understood and controlled in achieve overall organisational goals and objectives (Barker, et al., 2012). Marketing mix is also referred to as the 4Ps of marketing product, price, place and promotion. Marketing mix helps ensuring that the organisation is marketing right products to right people at right price and place at right time (Dahlen, et al., 2010). As service marketing is also concerned about the intangible values attached with services the 4Ps of marketing mix was expanded to include additional 3Ps of marketing making it 7Ps of marketing mix also called as extended marketing mix (Belch Belch, 2011). The 7 Ps of extended marketing mix are; product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence (Blythe, 2013). People, Process and Physical Evidence are the three elements of extended marketing mix that is mainly relevant for service marketing and makes the organisations comparatively more customer-oriented (Ferrell Hartline, 2012). This report analyses the additional 3Ps of extended marketing mix for Motorola. People People element of extended marketing mix refers to all human resources that are directly or indirectly involved in the production, distribution and consumption of products and services offered by the organisation(Dibb Simkin, 2007). It focuses on the communities involved in relationship marketing (Boone Kurtz, 2011). It is important that this element of marketing mix is in place and works effectively in order to ensure customer needs are not only met but exceeded. Organisations must ensure they have right people to serve their target customers. Customers today have easy access to information and are better aware of their needs and wants (Brady, 2010). They want to know everything about the product they are using starting from the source of raw materials used in the production process, thus it is equally important that organisations choose their suppliers effectively in order to provide high quality product and service to their customers(Graham, 2008). Organisational culture plays a vital role in determining the way people behave within their workplaces thus is also considered an important part of people element of extended marketing mix (Jayachandran, 2004). People element of extended marketing mix for Motorola is defined below: Employees Motorola considers its employees as the most precious assets and thus ensure they are provided ample opportunities to realise their full potential on the path of innovation. In year 2014 Motorola reported the total number of employees as 19,000 who work in different locations across the globe (Motorola Mobility LLC, 2015). Employee are an important part of Motorola as they represent the company and through their behaviour and general attitude is responsible for creating the first impression of the company. Motorola greatly depends on their employees and their interaction with customers for making the business successful (Kotler, 2007). Motorola has a well-defined and standardised recruitment and selection process that help ensuring they have the right people with right skills and knowledge who can present the right image and level of service quality delivered by the company. Motorola make huge investment in satisfying the learning and development needs of their employees by conductin g regular training and development programs(Kotler, 2008). Motorola ensures that the skills and expertise of their employees are upgraded to meet the rapidly changing needs to the marketplace. Highly specialised and experienced employees help Motorola in retaining their competitive advantage against their competitors and also in securing their brand image of being an innovation leader in entertainment industry. Culture Organisational culture plays a vital role in overall success of organisation. It included the values, beliefs and norms that influence workers behaviour and perception about their co-workers and the company (Yeshin, 2012). Motorola was the first company to have adopted six sigma quality programs and was recognised as a reputed brand in the entertainment industry. In early 1990s Motorola was a truly high performing organisation marked by its innovation and socially responsible corporate attitude. Motorola organisational culture displayed characteristics of a people culture wherein employees were considered the most precious assets of the company. Motorolas organisational culture once served as a competitive advantage for the company which could not be imitated by competitors (Weinstein, 2007). Motorola has developed a knowledge sharing culture which is essential for innovation. Employees were treated with due respect and integrity and were given ample opportunities to realise their fu ll potential. Culture at Motorola encourages employees to openly share their views and actively participate in decision making. Huge amount of money was spent on employee training and development programs to meet their learning needs. However after the acquisition by Google and them by Lenovo its organisation culture has been greatly affected and the company will have to make attempts to re-establish the knowledge sharing culture to secure their market position of an innovative leader. Suppliers In order to provide high quality products and services to customers it is very important to ensure that the raw materials used for the production of goods and services are sourced from reliable vendors and are of high quality(Vieceli Valos, 2012). Motorola believes in Quality In, Quality Out wherein they understand that quality of their finished goods and services depend on the health of their supply chain across the globe (Motorola Mobility LCC, 2015). They ensure that their relationships with suppliers are governed by strict codes for social responsibility and business conduct; there are strict diligences to handle issues related to conflict minerals; and there are thoughtful materials disclosure requirements. Motorolas supplier code of conduct focuses on their suppliers corporate social responsibility standards and is a mandatory requirement which all suppliers must adhere to. Motorola assist their suppliers in improving their performance in aspects of corporate social responsibility. Motorola ensures that none of their suppliers are indulged in unethical activities such as child labor, forced labor, human trafficking and use of hazardous chemicals etc (Vieceli Valos, 2012) Through their diligence program they identify and trace tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold minerals present in their supply chain and adhere to conflicts in regions which source these minerals. The materials disclosure and legislation help them ensuring their suppliers disclose any banned, reportable or controlled substance as well as recycled substance present in parts supplied to them. All these measures help them in maintaining an ethical supply chain. Customers Motorola is a highly customer-oriented organisation that put in best efforts to analyse and identify customers entertainment needs and then designs products and services that best fits customer demands at the most affordable prices (Pride Ferrell, 2008). Mobile technology today has become the most commonly preferred source of entertainment that can play music and videos anytime, anywhere thus Motorola ensures all their products completely safe, healthy and easily accessible to best fit the entertainment needs of their customers. Motorola puts their customer at the centre of all the technology they design. In order to better understand the needs of their customers they take advice from disability advocacy agencies, research organisations and standard agencies (Motorola Mobility LLC, 2015). It works work in close coordination with companies that develop assistive devices for people who have special accessibility needs and ensure the technology of such companies are compatible with var ious Motorola products. Thus, Motorola offers products that best fit with the varied needed of different customers at a price thats worth paying. Process Process refers to the systems that an organisation uses to deliver its products and services to its target customers (Marketing Mix, 2013). It include the steps a customer follows to receive the offered products or services and the activities a supplier needs to perform in order to make the products and services available to its end customers. Organisations must ensure that they perform their process activities in an appropriate manner so as enhance the customers positive perception about the quality of offered products and services (Lamb, et al., 2012). It is also important that organisations create and awareness and provide enough information to their customers of the processes they need to go through in order to receive the products and services. Thus, processes are the delivery and the operating systems of mechanisms, procedures, and flow of different activities involved in the consumption of products and services offered by an organisation (Strydom, 2005). In case of Motorola these processes include the way customers are informed how they purchase its products and services; it includes the post and pre sales services. Processes involve the customer service facilities provided by Motorola after their products and services have been sold, ways of customer complaints handling and response time. Service Delivery Motorola is a highly customer focused organisation and keeps people at the centre of all technology they design (Motorola Mobility LLC, 2015). The company is involved in extensive marketing research in order to identify the needs of their valued customers and design products and services that best fits with their needs. Motorola is the market leader in designing innovative products and services that best suits entertainment needs of the customers across the globe. Through various promotional techniques and active use of social media Motorola keeps its customers well informed about the launch of new products and services and the benefits and offers associated with them. Motorola products and services can be brought from independent retailers such as Carphone warehouse, retailing outlets of other network provider such as Vodafone and online through e-commerce websites. Motorola also sells their products and services directly from their outlets and online website(Kotler Armstrong, 2013). Phones and services purchased offline are available to the customers immediately and those purchased online are available to the customers as per time specified on the websites. Products and services available online are found to be comparatively cheaper because the intermediate channel has been eliminated. Motorola is recognised worldwide for their effective service delivery. Their offline service centres are located in different locations and products that are still within warranty period are either replaced or repaired free of cost. Employees at service centres are very customer friendly and ensure that customer queries are answered with every minute detail in order to ensure they are satisfied(Saxena, 2010). Motorola also provide online customer service facilities. As displayed on their website Motorola provide complete product support for all theory products, service and repair options, community resources and also an online tracking option wherein customers can track the status of their order or service. Complaints Organisations selling the products and services are not only responsible for their production and sales but are also responsible for providing post sales services to customers in order to ensure all customer queries and complaints are handled in the most effective manner (Richter, 2012). After sales services are the value added services offered to the customers in order to enhance customer loyalty. For companies like Motorola the quality of after sales services provided to customer greatly influence their buying behaviour. Before buying entertainment related products customer also check about the type of post sales services provided by the organisation (Jayachandran, 2004). Consumer never prefer companies whose reviews for after sales services are bad as they feel once the product has been sold such companies will hardly care about customer problems associated with the product or service(Hackley, 2010). Social media today spreads information faster than wild fire thus customers have access to enough source that provide complete information about the quality of after sales services provided by the company. Motorola is recognised worldwide for its high quality after sales services. They provide their customers with complete information related to the ways customers can register their complaints regarding any issues related to their products or services. Motorola has service centres in almost all placed where they are present and has established customer care centres which work 24*7. Customer care executives undergo extensive training before they go live on handling customer queries (Morgan, et al., 2003). Motorola ensures that their customer care executives have the needed skills and knowledge to answer basic customer queries on the first call itself. Motorola also provide online chat options to their customers through their website where customers can directly chat with customer care executives and get instant response to their queries (Moschis, et al., 1997). Motorola also provide online options such as support forums and developer resources that very helpful for customers. Motorola w ith their talent resources ensure that every single customer complaint gets due attention and is resolved as soon as possible in a way that exceeds customer expectations. Response Time Response time is the measure of time taken by businesses to respond to customer queries and resolve customer complaints (Pelsmacker, 2010). Motorola make huge investment on the training and development of its employees in order to ensure employees are efficient enough to deliver high customer satisfaction. The company ensures that employees have sufficient knowledge about the products and services and the response time for answering customer queries remains less. Depending upon the complexity of the problem, response time vary from 1 hour to 24 hours(Motorola Mobility LCC, 2015). Motorola ensures that the response time never exceeds 24 hours and the customer query tickets are closed only when customers are fully satisfied with the service. Thus, Motorola ensures all aspects of process element of extended marketing mix are in place and work effectively. Physical Evidence In the earlier days when consumer activities and their buying behaviour was quite predictable the physical evidence element of extended marketing mix hardly had any influence on consumer choices and their perception about the organisation (Lamb, et al., 2008). However in todays dynamic business environment it is very difficult to predict consumer buying behaviour(Clemons, 2008). Customers today have access to all information needed about the product and services they are interested in. Customers are free to share their experiences about the product and services on the internet and through several social networking sites. There are a number of online consumer forums where consumers come together and share their stories related to the product and service(Haugtvedt, et al., 2005). Today consumers can easily read reviews and suggestions provided by other consumers and based on that can decide for or against the product and service. Social media today plays the most vital role in developi ng a companys brand image and market position(Jong, 2011). Consumers today are not only influenced by the features of the products and services but are also influenced by the infrastructure of the stores from where they are buying products. The look of the companys office premises and production centre also influence consumers perception about the organisation. Apart from these consumers perception is also guided by the presentation and contents of companys official website which is expected to deliver all information related to the company and its offerings. Physical evidence element of extended marketing mix relates to the environment in which products and services are delivered and the tangibles that help communicate and perform the services (Blythe, 2013). Physical evidence element of extended marketing mix for Motorola is described below: Office and Store Infrastructure Motorola enjoys a wide global presence with operations spread worldwide covering almost every country across the globe. Motorola make huge investment in developing infrastructures that is not only employee friendly but also environmental friendly. Motorola outlets especially those deal in providing entertainment related products and services are designed in a way to enhance customers experience and influence their mood(Motorola Mobility LCC, 2015). The lightening, layout and sound effects at their stores in addition to the appearance and attitude of their store employees help create a unique brand perception in the minds of customers. Motorola ensures that all their store employees specially those in customer facing roles are well dressed and carry a positive attitude while they inform the customer about products and services of handle post sales customer queries. Motorola ensures that the customers should receive the same treatment before and after the products and services have bee n sold to them. User Stories and Recommendations There are a number of factors that influence consumer buying behaviour; psychology is one of the main factors wherein individuals tend to get attracted to products and services which are either being used by others and is recommended by other consumers (Dibb Simkin, 2007). As consumers are becoming more and more active on social media they are connecting to each other and are narrating their stories related to their experience about products and services they use. Word of mouth publicity is considered the best promotion technique as it is the fastest and creates a lasting impact on consumers. Motorola offers its consumers an opportunity to post their stories and experiences about Motorola products and services on the service forum section of their website. Its an open forum that can be accessed by all visitors and they can go through user testimonials and experiences. The company do not hide customer comments so one can find both good and bad comments and can get an idea of advantag es and disadvantages associated with Motorola products and services. Consumers are also provided an opportunity to rate the products and services they have used and the ratings are visible to all website visitors. These user stories and recommendations are also displayed on TV screens of Motorola offline stores in order to help offline consumers in their decision making. Buzz Buzz is a term mostly used in viral marketing wherein consumers and users of the products and services interact with each other which result in amplification or alteration of the original marketing message(Czinkota Ronkainen, 2012). Social networking sites today are the best places wherein consumers and users interact with each other and create a buzz. Motorola understands the importance of social media marketing and how it has redefined the ways organisations connect with their customers. Motorola connects to its consumers through various social networking sites such as Face book, Twitter, Pin it, Instagram, LinkedIn etc (Dibb Simkin, 2007). Whenever a new product is launched or considerable improvements are made to existing products Motorola ensures that a Buzz is created in order to ensure the customers are aware of it. This type of marketing activity also help Motorola in informing their customers about the special offers and discounts running over specific products. This type of viral marketing has both positive and negative effect on customers perception about the company thus Motorola ensures that they keep a regular track of customer comments and try clarifying doubts as and when possible. Below the line promotion for Motorola Promotion is the most important element of marketing mix as it helps organisation in communicating their message to their target audience. Promotion is also called as marketing communication because it helps organisations in passing all information to the potential customers with an aim to either encourage them to buy or to influence their attitudes and buying behaviours (Brady, 2010). Promotion activities can be broadly classified into two groups namely; above the line and below the line promotion. When promotion is carried out through use of mass media such as television, newspapers, radios etc is called as above the line promotion. In this case a fee or commission is paid to the recognised advertising agency that operates on behalf of its clients and is responsible to handling all their advertising activities related to mass media (Dibb Simkin, 2007). On the other hand below the line promotion refers to all forms of non-media communications which also include non-media advertisin g (Blythe, 2013). In this case organisations do not need pay additional fees or commission to any third party. Below the line promotion include a number of activities such as sales promotions, public relations, merchandising, branding, direct selling, exhibitions, sponsorship activities and trade discounts etc. Motorola indulges in a number of below the line promotion activities in order to reach their target customers and ensure that the intended message is effectively convey to target audience. Some of the below the line promotion activities performed by Motorola are; Sales Promotions Sales promotion refers to all marketing activities that aim at improving sales and does not include advertising (Lamb, et al., 2008). These are short term incentives that companies provide in order to gain long term benefits from enhanced customer loyalty. Motorola indulge in a number of sales promotion activities whose objectives are directed at three main groups namely; customers, salesforce and intermediaries (Motorola Mobility LLC, 2015). For its customers Motorola provide a number of special sales offers, considerable price cuts on specific products, coupons for availing special services, buy one get one free, free gifts, lucky draws etc. In order to motivate its salesforce Motorola have several rewards and recognition schemes where in incentives are directly linked to the volume of sales generated by them (Motorola Mobility LLC, 2015). The company also provide incentives in form of cash, gifts, travel options and lucky draws. In order to encourage its trade network to recommend their products to customers Motorola provide them with special schemes that involve extra commissions and overrides (Brady, 2010). The company also organisation events and parties for their trade network to keep them motivated. Public Relations Effective public relations at Motorola enable it in developing and retaining a mutual understanding with its people. Public relations not only help creating a positive perception in the minds of customers about the company but are also effective in enhancing employee commitment and stakeholders trust (Barker, et al., 2012). Some of the public relations activities undertaken by Motorola are; frequent press meets, seminars, lobbying, charitable donations, community relations and sponsorships. Motorola adhere strictly to their corporate social responsibilities. They have created a highly ethical and sustainable global supply chain and also support their suppliers in enhancing their corporate social responsibilities. Branding Branding refers to the marketing activity that helps adopting values, awareness, image, recognition, features, quality, name and benefits onto a product or service (Saxena, 2010). Branding thus refers to the intangible value created by a badge of reassurance and at the same time help differentiating the products or services from those offered by competitors. Motorola has gained worldwide brand recognition as an innovative leader in wireless and broadband communications technologies. Customers trust Motorola products and services for meeting their entertainment needs (Motorola Mobility LCC, 2015). Customers are informed how the company works in close coordination with research agencies and disability centres to better understand the needs of their customers. Motorola offers its customers with most hi-tech products with high device accessibility a feature that is unmatched by competitors. Direct selling Direct selling is that form of marketing wherein the seller gets in direct contact with the buyer and informs them about the benefits and drawbacks if any associated with the products or services (Dibb Simkin, 2007). This form of below the line promotion help sellers in better identifying customer needs and offering them the most suited products or services. Motorola indulge in telemarketing which is a commonly used form of direct selling. Telemarketing is also referred to as telephone sales wherein companies use telephone as the primary means to contact target customers. Motorola has made huge investment in setting up specialised customer service centres which not only handle customer complaints but also make cold calls to inform customers about new product or service launch. All these below the line promotional activities undertaken by Motorola help ensuring that customers are well informed of their products and services and the associated benefits. Conclusion This report gives in-depth understanding of how Motorola defines its people, process and physical evidence elements of extended marketing mix in order to secure its market position and retain its competitive advantage. In todays dynamic marketplace defining the 4Ps of marketing mix is not enough in influencing customers buying behaviour thus it has become very important for organisations to define 7Ps of marketing mix in order to achieve desired organisational goals. Presentation Introduction Marketing management is concerned with the application of marketing orientation techniques within the organization and effective management of organisations marketing activities and resources. Motorola was started in year 1928 in Chicago, is recognised worldwide as the innovative leader in wireless and broadband communication industry. People People element of extended marketing mix of refers to all human resources that are directly or indirectly involved in the production, distribution and consumption of products and services offered by Motorola Employees: Motorola has 19,000 employees working across different location. Motorola greatly emphasize on training and development of employees People Culture: Motorola has a knowledge sharing culture which serves as a competitive advantage for the company Suppliers: Motorola believes in Quality In, Quality Out wherein they understand that quality of their finished goods and services depend on the health of their supply chain across the globe Customers: Motorola believes in Quality In, Quality Out wherein they understand that quality of their finished goods and services depend on the health of their supply chain across the globe Process Process refers to the systems that an organisation uses to deliver its products and services to its target customers Service Delivery: Motorola is a highly customer focused organisation and keeps people at the centre of all technology they design. Motorola is recognised worldwide for their effective service delivery. Process Complaints: Motorola has service centres in almost all placed where they are present and has established customer care centres which work 24*7. Response Time: Depending upon the complexity of the problem, response time vary from 1 hour to 24 hour Physical Evidence Physical evidence element of extended marketing mix relates to the environment in which products and services are delivered and the tangibles that help communicate and perform the services Office and Store Infrastructure: Motorola make huge investment in developing infrastructures that is not only employee friendly but also environmental friendly. The lightening, layout and sound effects at their stores in addition to the appearance and attitude of their store employees help create a unique brand perception in the minds of customers. Physical Evidence User Stories and Recommendations: Motorola offers its consumers an opportunity to post their stories and experiences about Motorola products and services on the service forum section of their website. Buzz: Motorola connects to its consumers through various social networking sites such as Face book, Twitter, Pin it, Instagram, LinkedIn etc Below-the-line Promotion Below the line promotion refers to all forms of non-media communications for which no fee or commission is paid. Sales Promotions: Motorola indulge in a number of sales promotion activities whose objectives are directed at three main groups namely; customers, sales force and intermediaries. Motorola provide a number of special sales offers, considerable price cuts on specific products, coupons for availing special services, buy one get one free, free gifts, lucky draws etc. Below-the-line Promotion Public Relations: Some of the public relations activities undertaken by Motorola are; frequent press meets, seminars, lobbying, charitable donations, community relations and sponsorships. Branding: Motorola offers its customers with most hi-tech products with high device accessibility a feature that is unmatched by competitors Direct Selling: Motorola has made huge investment in setting up specialised customer service centres which not only handle customer complaints but also make cold calls to inform customers about new product or service launch Conclusion In todays dynamic marketplace defining the 4Ps of marketing mix is not enough in influencing customers buying behaviour thus it has become very important for organisations to define 7Ps of marketing mix in order to achieve desired organisational goals. References Baines, P., Fill, C. Page, K., (2013) Essentials of Marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Barker, N., Valos, M. Shimp, T. A., (2012) Integrated Marketing Communications. New York: Cengage Learning. Belch, G. Belch, M., (2011) Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. Chicago: McGraw-Hill Education. 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